Is 'Solar Farming' the Way Forward?


Sometimes a local issue comes along which serves to make my brain hurt very badly as it raises so many others and I simply don't have the answers. The news last week that a Chippenham farmer nearby is proposing to convert 35 acres of his land to solar panels falls firmly into this category. That's 'solar farming' on the scale of around 15,000 moveable panels, each the size of a door and arranged in rows in a field(s) to maximise their capture of the sun's energy.

There was quite a lot of talk about it on Saturday at our local resident's association quiz evening which NAH and I attended*. We're now expecting a 'call for action' email any day now and naturally the main point of concern raised so far is what this means from an aesthetics viewpoint.

That's the least of my concerns and I'm having a major tussle with myself over whether this is a good thing or not. My greener living head says it is because it means we're making more use of a renewable energy, but my we as a nation need to grow more of our own food head is rather concerned about another way in which our farmland is being taken out of cultivation.

I can also appreciate the farmer's viewpoint. If I was he and I found a scheme which pays for itself in about ten years and then offers a guaranteed income for 15 years way above what I could get from conventional farming, I'd be giving it some serious thought too.

But then I'm sure the last government didn't quite have 'solar farming' on this scale in mind when they set up the Feed in Tariff scheme to help them meet their 2020 carbon emission reduction targets. This is chiefly designed to encourage home owners and small businesses to set up solar panels on their roofs: indeed I've been trying to persuade NAH that we should do so. The reports I've found so far in places like the Daily Mail and by The Energy Conservation Group aren't in agreement on if and how long the larger field sized schemes will be allowed to continue.

What seems to be clear is that any legislation plugging this loophole won't be applied retrospectively, so we can expect lots more planning applications by farmers for solar panels in England over the next year or so. I wonder how much of our farmland will be taken out of production as a result.

I also wonder how the land will be managed over the 25 year life-cycle of this scheme. The local farmland in question is currently used for grazing, but I don't think animals will be allowed to coexist alongside the panels. If not, how is the vegetation going to be kept in check all that time so it doesn't block the sun? I can't see the land being co-managed for wildlife either. And what happens to all the paraphernalia when the land is restored back to how it is now? Does this give us net good or bad benefits (environmental or otherwise) over the life-cycle?

As usual with these things I have more questions than answers and I see there's a public meeting arranged about this issue next month. Perhaps I'll get some answers then?

* = which we won - hurrah!

NB Having no picture to hand of what massed banks of solar panels in a field look like (though this link to the article about this issue in my local paper gives you fair idea), I've used a photo courtesy of David Moniaux via Wikimedia.

Update 7th Feb 2011: The government have announced today a review of the FIT scheme as it isn't designed for solar farms such as the one I've discussed. More details here.

Comments

  1. Sue Beesley24 January 2011 at 08:42

    Of the four main renewable technologies:
    -Solar hot water
    -Hydro electric power
    -Wind Power
    -Solar photovoltaic
    the last one is currently the least efficient and slowest payback. Wind is much better and you can still farm the land underneath it. If only people could start seeing wind turbines as beautiful (handsome is as handsome does in my view), we could generate a lot more energy from a lot more land.

    Solar hot water is superb - works a treat, good payback (we have one), but until panel efficiencies rise, we should leave solar PV to regions with high sunshine rates.

    ReplyDelete
  2. VP24 January 2011 at 10:06

    Hi Sue - you've just summarised why NAH (with his engineering head on) isn't convinced that solar panels are for us.

    I actually find wind turbines quite elegant!

    ReplyDelete
  3. Hermes24 January 2011 at 12:32

    Good post from Sue. I'm not sure either as it dosen't seem a good use of so much land.

    ReplyDelete
  4. Janet/Plantaliscious24 January 2011 at 12:53

    It's really tough working out where to stand on all this, isn't it. You raise really good issues about the management of the weeds etc, loss of wildlife habitat, loss of growing space. I agree with others that wind turbines are actually rather beautiful, but if they are badly balanced they can make an awful noise. My OH is worried that the current feed-in tariff will be cut as part of the "cut the deficit" campaign (see bbc article), or the halving of electricity costs and payback period of around ten years would have me convinced even with our comparatively low sun levels. The technology is improving all the time, I happen to believe we should invest and become expert in engineering photovoltaics, developing engineering expertise and creating high value jobs. But turning whole fields into solar farms? I'm not convinced, it would make much more sense to cover public buildings with cells where they have the correct orientation and are not shaded.

    PS WV was "rhescur", which seemed appropriate...

    ReplyDelete
  5. VP24 January 2011 at 13:14

    Hermes - I'm sure there are better ways to do it than this such as the way Plantaliscious has suggested.

    Plantaliscious - I wondered about that too, but the energy conservation group article I linked to confirmed that it wasn't cut and is set to be available until 2013 at least.

    ReplyDelete
  6. RobD24 January 2011 at 13:35

    Seems like a crazy idea given I've just watched a report on the news about the following:

    http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12249909

    Perhaps if farmers were paid a commercial rate for the food they provide by supermarkets they wouldn't end up looking at schemes like this. Higher food prices might make us (as a country) less wasteful?

    ReplyDelete
  7. VP24 January 2011 at 13:41

    Hi Rob - thanks for that. I was looking at the TV version of that report this morning and thought the same. It seems the figures are a bit skewed when a relatively efficient industry (farming) makes far less money than an inefficient one (energy using PV cells). I'm sure the food the farmer could produce from that land would feed many more families than the homes it could light and heat. That's all part of the net good or bad calculations I was referring to at the end of my piece.

    ReplyDelete
  8. Lucy Corrander Now in Halifax!24 January 2011 at 13:42

    I agree wind turbines are beautiful but two near where I live have fallen over in the wind - one at a school and one by a marina where there are offices, workshops and cafes as well as boats.

    Dangerous.

    I definitely don't think this is a good use of land. Solar panels on the tops of houses don't look good but they are not taking space which could be used for something else. I'm wondering if the farmer might farm out his panels to local rooftops. Perhaps the farmer might build houses under the panels if there are to be no crops in the field? Houses are useful too.

    I'm also wondering whether the panels will be easily stolen or damaged - which would mean high fences / barbed wire round the field.

    Food, air plants - all needed.

    Not that I blame the farmer. We often get the idea that farming is about beauty. It isn't. It's an industry. (Quite rightly so.) Beauty, if it exists, is an offshoot. Whether it is the best use of land in a wider sense is a government / planning decision.

    Lucy

    P.S. Except the government is busy throwing all its responsibilities up in the air, hoping they will be caught by volunteers from the local golf club, the W.I., meals on wheels or those with the most time and loudest voices - which makes it all very hit and miss what will happen.

    P.P.S. I've just realised. The farmer is probably having to convert the land for low maintenance to free up time for running the library.

    ReplyDelete
  9. VP24 January 2011 at 13:48

    Hi Lucy - lots of food for thought as usual from you! Yes, they're talking about an 8 foot high fence where it might be needed.

    I don't blame the farmer either - after all he is running a business. Using the farm for housing is a moot point around here though as 3 owned by the local council have been earmarked for just that in the town's 2025 plan.

    I must check on what's happening about our local library - reduced opening hours I think. However, there was a little snippet next to the local paper's article on this saying that the council is looking to apply for Green Flag status for John Coles Park and getting a 'Friends of the Park' group together. Perhaps he'll be helping out with that instead ;)

    ReplyDelete
  10. Robert Webber24 January 2011 at 14:36

    Thought provoking piece VP!
    keep us posted.
    No pun!
    Best
    R

    ReplyDelete
  11. petoskystone24 January 2011 at 14:38

    wind turbines do seem a more logical use of resources. i am wondering how cost-efficient the smaller house size solar panels are. there has been some squabbling over installing land-based wind turbines due to alleged harm to wildlife caused by the sound/vibration. what is NAHs' opinion on this?

    ReplyDelete
  12. Carolyn @ Carolyn's Shade Gardens24 January 2011 at 14:55

    I guess the easy answer we are looking for doesn't exist. We may have to cut back on the amount of energy we use rather than increase the amount we produce.

    ReplyDelete
  13. Lucy Corrander Now in Halifax!24 January 2011 at 15:09

    Our local park (not the one by the castle) was taken over by volunteers a few years ago. It's very difficult. When you go in, you feel you are treading into someone else's preserve. You also know they are they are putting their own and devoted work into it so you are reluctant to suggest it could be done differently. It's a 'no footballs' kind of place with a couple of circular beds with roses that are cut down to eight inch sticks in the winter. Bleak.

    What would be good would be . . . an ice-cream van in summer, a nice place for picnics, some vine tunnels for children to run through . . . quick growing flowers which will pop up again if knocked over . . . local bands . . .

    Hardly any of us have the time or the skills to contribute to turn it into something more vibrant, the people doing it are doing it and . . . I'm frightened about what will happen when all our community activities are taken over by good people with dull ideas and not enough energy to make things sparkle.

    About wind farms and wild life - there are proposals from time to time to have wind turbines planted off our post. Some experts are worried it would interfere with sea creatures and the breeding habits of sea birds. Something, somewhere will have to give.

    I'm not sure the will is there to cut back on enough energy consumption to sort the problem. Capitalism depends on growth to keep society working. Who will volunteer the idea of a new-style economy that fits the needs of the whole world?

    Hmm!

    Lucy

    ReplyDelete
  14. Mr. McGregor's Daughter24 January 2011 at 16:37

    When I'm back on my feet & able to drive again, I'll drive over to a corporation's headquarters across from the junior college here. The south lawn/meadow of the corporation is filled with solar collectors. I think they look kind of neat. (If you want to see what they look like from space, type in Harper College, Palatine, IL, then go to the corner of Roselle & Euclid & zoom in on the north side of Euclid. Street view is no good, because the shots were taken during installation of the 1st one.) I approve of the use of them on suburban corporate campuses which would otherwise be just a lawn of grass that needs watering, fertilizing and mowing.

    ReplyDelete
  15. Nutty Gnome24 January 2011 at 16:59

    Hmmm. Not convinced by a field full of solar panels.
    We've had 2 solar panels on the house for about 9 years now.They do all our hot water in summer and raise the ambient temperature of the tank in winter. They paid back about 18 months ago.

    Chesterfield now has quite a few public buildings with PV panels on the south facing roofs.

    I love the big wind turbines. We had a 100ft high anomometer tower in the garden for a year to test for wind quality, but it wasn't consistent enough to have our own smaller turbine - which made our neighbours happy anyway!

    ReplyDelete
  16. Plant Mad Nige24 January 2011 at 17:56

    This is a really thought-provoking post. My instinct is to support as many forms of alternative energy supply as possible, but i have the strongest doubts about solar panels.

    To feed 9 billion souls, we're going to need to double agricultural output worldwide. And it makes sense to produce as much of our own food as we can. As plant breeding makes progress, increasingly poor land will become productive and I suspect that we'll need as much as possible for farming food.

    One final - possibly irrelevant point: I think that growing crops to produce petrol or diesel is an obscene idea and makes not one jot of sense. It has already caused damage and hardship and should not happen.

    ReplyDelete
  17. Diana Studer24 January 2011 at 21:54

    If - each house had its own solar panel for hot water - as ours does - (and there is enough sun in Switzerland to generate power to recharge electric cars). Then we wouldn't need so many power stations and power lines striding across the country. If - the solar panels were on office blocks, and schools and hospitals and factories. Then how many power stations would become surplus to requirements??

    ReplyDelete
  18. The bike shed24 January 2011 at 22:06

    I am deeply suspicious - this feels like it is about short term money scheme not some genuine answer to our energy problems. Aesthetically I fear the worst - and we should not underestimate aesthetics and the impact on our spirit; wind farms are disgrace. It simply isn't acceptable to say they are beautiful - they are inappropriate in wilderness landscape such as Plynlimon in Mid Wales where they devastate millions of years of landscape.

    ReplyDelete
  19. Rose26 January 2011 at 02:55

    We are having much the same controversy here over wind turbines. While wind seems like a great renewable resource and doesn't take that much farmland out of production, many people object to their looks or the noise--always that "not in my backyard" attitude. But solar panels? I'm not so sure the amount of energy produced by them would justify using farmland for this. You've raised some excellent questions, VP; I hope people take all these into consideration before jumping on the solar farming bandwagon.

    ReplyDelete
  20. VP26 January 2011 at 09:08

    Robert - will do!

    Petoskystone - NAH's an engineer who started his career working on power turbine generators so his thoughts are firmly in the realm of how efficient PVs are rather than wildlife impact. He leaves that one to me!

    Carolyn - sadly most people aren't prepared to cut back, they see that as an erosion of their lifestyle no matter how powerful the environmental argument may be.

    Lucy - I believe that if parks are 'given to the people' there's a danger that there isn't the vision needed to make the best of what's there. Yes, we need more say in what we'd like (and even help), but I'm certainly not the best person to put it into practice.

    MMD - I look forward to seeing your pictures :)

    Nutty Gnome - the takeup of PVs on public buildings hasn't really got going here. Perhaps they should. Thinks - perhaps the council could use the Feed in Tariff scheme to replace some of their govt income that's been cut? ;)

    PMN - that's not irrelevant at all, I'd love to see just how much land is needed to produce all biofuels we need. I suspect it exceeds all the land we have in cultivation!

    EE - I wonder how long it will be before installing solar panels becomes planning law?

    Mark - aesthetics was discussed a plenty on Saturday, so I chose to write about the other issues which I'm concerned won't be discussed or considered so forcefully.

    Rose - it'll beinteresting to see what happens and gets discussed at the meeting next month

    ReplyDelete
  21. Sue Beesley26 January 2011 at 17:39

    Re EE's comment re solar panels on roofs, I have been driving my other half nuts for years, because every time we drive past a new housing development I have a rant about the orientation.

    We should have been putting solar panels on all new builds, especially commercial new build, for the past 10 years, but in the absence of that it should at least have been compulsory for every house to have at least one south facing roof aspect. At least then panels can be retrofitted. But if you haven't got that, you're stuffed.

    ReplyDelete
  22. VP30 January 2011 at 18:01

    Sue - thanks for coming back and adding to what's been a good set of comments and debate on here. I wish solar panels on new builds had become planning law ages ago.

    ReplyDelete

New comments are not allowed.

Your essential reads

That blue flower: A spring spotter's guide

Image
Spring is a prime time for blue flowers and my daily walks currently have several from the same plant family* lining the local footpaths. As I walked past the Donkey Field the other day, I overheard some children ask their parents** what the pictured blue flower was. It reminded me it's often mistaken for those other familial blues and this time was no different, as they said it was forget-me-not, instead of the green alkanet it actually is. As well as similar flowers, most of these plants are hairy in their nature, flower around the same time, and favour damp, shady places. Many of them are great for pollinators too, especially bees and this week's warm weather has certainly drawn them to these flowers. This makes it even more likely for these plants to be mistaken for each other and it's a great opportunity for me to put together a spotter's guide in case you find the same flowers on your outings. Staying with green alkanet, the key features which set it ...
Read more

Jack Go To Bed At Noon

Image
Last year this rather exotic looking flower appeared on mine and several other allotments for the first time. Having been stumped (again) by Mr Allotment Warden as to its identity, I rushed home to find out what it was. It's salsify, aka the marvellous Jack Go To Bed At Noon - named as such because its flowers always close by midday. Here you can see both open and closed flowers - making it seem even more exotic and alien than in the first picture. I think this must be the cultivated version because the flower in my Francis Rose Wild Flower Key looks exactly the same in form, but is bright yellow in colour and called meadow salsify . Its other common name is Goatsbeard, which must be a nod to the fantastic dandelion-like clock which forms the seed head. With 'parachutes' like those shown above, who knows how far our plotted plants came from. I rather like the photographic dissection of the seedhead found in this link . Salsify is edible: its lateral shoots and fl...
Read more

Red Nose Day - Gardening Jokes Anyone?

Image
The nation goes ever so slightly bonkers on Red Nose Day - hurrah! Previously, it's been very easy to join in - usually via a dress down day at work plus lots of people up to mad things at the station and in the office. Everyone smiling for once - it's a real feel good day and all in a good cause. This year's different - every day's a dress down day for me now - my friend L suggested yesterday that perhaps I could have a dress up day instead and whilst that's a good idea, I confess that ballgowns and tiaras don't really feature in my wardrobe: scruffy student's always been my favourite look. So my Red Nose Day contribution for this year is to compile a list of gardening related jokes. For each one (clean ones only please) you leave in the comments below, I'll make a donation of 50p to the cause. Here's a few for starters just to get you warmed up: Q Why do potatoes make good detectives? A Because they keep their eyes peeled. Q What did the grape...
Read more

Salad Days: Mastering Lettuce

Image
I've decided one of my salad challenges for this year is to grow as many lettuce varieties as I can, ready for the publication of my planned Factsheet* later on. The idea is to grow as many of the Tried and Trusted lettuce varieties last year's Salad Challengers helped compile, then provide a visual guide and as many lettuce facts as I can muster. So far I've found around half of those listed**. Then naturally whilst I was out searching - because such is the way with seeds - a number of other varieties found their way home too ;) A couple of weeks ago I sowed 22 varieties***. Just the simple act of sowing them has me intrigued. Why are some lettuce seeds black and others white****? They split into about half white to half black in my sample and as far as I can tell it's nothing to do with whether they're a type of cos, iceberg, or whatever. I sowed them indoors and popped them into a propagator on the windowsill. The soil's too cold outside for sowing ...
Read more

VPs VIPs: Derry Watkins of Special Plants

Image
Last week I had the pleasure of visiting Derry Watkins at her home, garden and nursery - the acclaimed Special Plants - just a few miles along the road from me. I first met Derry at one of her open garden days last year and was keen to find out more about her wonderful garden and running an independent nursery. She specialises in tender perennials and regularly goes on plant hunting trips to find new treasures, particularly in South Africa. As well as running Special Plants and opening her garden under the NGS scheme , Derry holds day courses at her nursery, hosts Special Tuesdays from April until September, lectures and has written a couple of books. How did you find your way from Connecticut to the UK? I'd started a biodynamic vegetable garden in Connecticut and we used to have people come along at weekends to help out. A particular young man turned up: he returned many times and at the end of the summer I married him. So it was all down to love? Isn't that the...
Read more

#mygardenrightnow: heading into summer with the Chelsea Fringe

Image
Ahhhhhh, that's better! I love walking through dewy grass in bare feet, not that there's much in the way of grass on my back lawn this weekend. My wild and woolly lawn has morphed into meadow of sorts this month, which even NAH admits looks attractive*. It's also proved a great source for my Flowers for mum project so far, yielding self-sown perennial cornflowers, lamb's ears, and lemon balm in addition to the blooms you can see. These originated from elsewhere in the garden, the ox-eye daisies must have blown in from the A350 nearby. * = he got very stroppy about the weeds aka self-sown foxgloves in the lawn one year, so he's come along a bit since then. Skimble's demanding to say hello to you too. He does enjoy the patio when it warms up. If the embedded video doesn't work try this link instead. The Nectaroscordum are a revelation. I planted the bulbs around 2 years ago, but it's only this year they've bloomed properly. The bee...
Read more

Make Use of Mildew

Image
On my garden patrol this morning I spotted some powdery mildew on a couple of my new Verbena bonariensis plants. I suppose it was almost inevitable as I prefer to grow my plants hard - this means no water for them unless they look absolutely desperate. This approach means plants root themselves more deeply and have a better chance of survival during spells of dry weather like we've had lately. However, it also means I run the risk of problems like today's, especially with any garden newbies planted late in the season. We've had a good drop of rain overnight, so this should help my plants survive. I'll mulch them later today to help lock in the moisture as it's water stress which encourages the mildew to take hold. I've also removed the infected leaves and sprayed the rest with a milky drink.* I'm also pleased to find there's a use for my infected leaves. Oliver Ellingham at Reading University has started a PhD - sponsored by the RHS - researchi...
Read more

The Resilient Garden

Image
  Part of Tom Massey's Resilient Garden at RHS Hampton Court I've been pondering VP Gardens a lot lately. Last year's drought conditions set me off initially, then our harsher than usual winter combined with this summer's flip and flop weather means the thinking continues. It's a huge topic which I freely admit I'm struggling to get my head around. Tom Massey's Resilient Garden  at Hampton Court recently  tackled this topic brilliantly and was a timely interlude which gave me much food for thought. There he encapsulated the detailed research he'd found which informed both his show garden and book of the same name. I think it's one of the most important show gardens I've ever seen. It's clear the way I garden needs to change so that I have my own resilient garden. I haven't worked out the exact details yet, but Tom's book plus a couple of others (see below), alongside the rainwater management handout from the show garden's  sponso...
Read more

Chelsea Fringe 2014: Shows of Hands - Episode I

Image
The gloves NAH used to build the raised bed . The effects are L to R, top to bottom:  Original photo, Warhol, HDR, Green tint, B&W, Posterize, Boost, Cross process and Sepia Welcome to Shows of Hands - my Chelsea Fringe project for 2014! As you can see I've been having a bit of a play around in Pic Monkey for my first contribution. You're welcome to join in between now and 8th June 2014. The idea behind this year's project is to highlight the tool most precious to a gardener: their hands. How do I take part? It's simple. All you need to do is take a photo of hand(s) in a gardening context and then share it via your blog or other social media (such as Twitter or Facebook), then make sure I know you've done so. I've set up Mr Linky below for your blog contributions. The Chelsea Fringe photo on the right sidebar links to this post, so you can easily find it again when you're ready to add your contribution. If you share your photo on Twitter, ...
Read more

Testing Times: Tomatoes

Image
  I've run a couple of tomato trials this year. The first is a revisit of the biochar trial with Oxford University I attempted some years ago (with a different organisation this time), and the second is a trial of a water gadget called Plantsurge which I was given to try at Malvern Spring Show earlier this year. Most of you have probably heard of biochar already and the claim that this inert, carbon-rich material can help soil fertility and plant health. The RHS information in the above link says results can be mixed, with reduced effects found in alkaline soils. This may help to explain the lack of difference I found in my previous trial as VP Gardens is on a lime-rich soil. Plantsurge is a different beast altogether. It's a strong magnet which is attached to a hosepipe as shown in the photo above. It's claimed that it softens water, with the result more like watering with rainwater. The higher nitrogen found in rainwater is thought to be beneficial to plants. Gardener...
Read more